สาเหตุความผิดปกติของ EKG Axis
-emphysema
-hyperkalaemia
-lead transposition
-artificial cardiac pacing
-ventricular tachycardia
Right axis deviation
-normal finding in children and tall thin adults
-right ventricular hypertrophy
-chronic lung disease even without pulmonary hypertension
-anterolateral myocardial infarction
-left posterior hemiblock
-pulmonary embolus
-Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome - left sided accessory pathway
-atrial septal defect
-ventricular septal defect
Left axis deviation
-left anterior hemiblock
-Q waves of inferior myocardial infarction
-artificial cardiac pacing
-emphysema
-hyperkalaemia
-Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome - right sided accessory pathway
-tricuspid atresia
-ostium primum ASD
-injection of contrast into left coronary artery
Note: left ventricular hypertrophy is not a cause left axis deviation
Ref: http://www.ecglibrary.com/axis.html
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